Books, Articles, Chapters, Editorials, Multimedia, Dissertations and Theses

• Blake Allmendinger, Imagining the African American West (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005)

• James P. Beckwourth, The Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, As Told to Thomas D. Bonner (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1856)

• Eugene H. Berwanger. The Frontier against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2002.

• Robert B. Betts. In Search of York: The Slave Who Went to the Pacific with Lewis and Clark. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 1985.

• Monroe Lee Billington and Roger D. Hardaway (eds.), African Americans on the Western Frontier (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 1998)

• James F. Brooks, ed. Confounding the Color Line:  The Indian-Black Experience in North America. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 2002.

• Albert S. Broussard, Expectations of Equality: A History of Black Westerners (Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson, 2012)

• Sucheng Chan, Douglas Henry Daniels, T. Garcia, Terry Wilson (eds.), Peoples of Color in the American West (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Co., 1993)

• John M. Corroll (ed.), The Black Military Experience in the American West (New York: Liveright, 1971)

• Marta Effinger-Crichlow, Staging Migrations toward an American West: From Ida B. Wells to Rhodessa Jones (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 2014)

• Lawrence B. de Graaf, “Recognition, Racism, and Reflections on the Writing of Western Black History” (Pacific Historical Review 44:1, February 1975, 22-51)

• Richard Edwards and Jacob K. Friefeld, The First Migrants: How Black Homesteaders' Quest for Land and Freedom Heralded America's Great Migration (Winnipeg, MB: Bison Books, 2023)

• Richard Edwards, Jacob K. Friefeld, and Rebecca S. Wingo, Homesteading the Plains: Toward a New History (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2019)

• Douglas Flamming, African Americans in the West (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2009)

• Arlen L. Fowler, Black Infantry in the West, 1869-1891 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1971)

• Bruce A. Glasrud, African Americans on the Great Plains: An Anthology (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2009)

• ___. Brothers to the Buffalo Soldiers: Perspectives on the African American Militia and Volunteers, 1865-1917 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2011)

• Bruce A Glasrud, and Michael N. Searles, Black Cowboys in the American West: On the Range, on the Stage, behind the Badge (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016)

• ___. Buffalo Soldiers in the West (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2007)

• Bruce A. Glasrud and Cary D. Wintz (eds.), Harlem Renaissance in the West: The New Negro's Western Experiences (Boston: Pearson, 2012)

• Kenneth Marvin Hamilton, Black Towns and Profit: Promotion and Development in the Trans-Appalachian West, 1877-1915 (Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1991)

• Lawrence D. Hogan and Jules Tygiel, Shades of Glory: The Negro Leagues and the Story of African-American Baseball (Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2006)

• John B. Holway, Voices from the Great Black Baseball Leagues (New York: Dover Publications, 2012)

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• Franklin J. James, Betty L McCummings, and Eileen A Tynan, Minorities in the Sunbelt (New Brunswick, N.J.: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1984)

• Michael K. Johnson, Black Masculinity and the Frontier Myth in American Literature (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002)

• William Loren Katz, The Black West: A Pictorial History (New York: Touchstone, 1987)

• ___. Black Indians: A Hidden Heritage (New York: Atheneum, 1986)

• William H. Leckie, The Buffalo Soldiers: A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967)

• Michael E. Lomax, Sports and the Racial Divide: African American and Latino Sport Experience in the Era of Change (Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2008)

• Emily Lutenski, West of Harlem: African American Writers and the Borderlands (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2015)

• Dan Moos, Outside America: Race, Ethnicity, and the Role of the American West in National Belonging (Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press, 2005)

• Kevin Mulroy, Freedom on the Border: The Seminole Maroons in Florida, the Indian Territory, Coahuila, and Texas (Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press, 1993)

•  Nolie Mumey, James Pierson Beckwourth, 1856-1866, An Enigmatic Figure of the West: A History of the Later Years of His Life (Denver, CO: Fred A. Rosenstock, 1957)

• Kenneth W. Porter, The Black Seminoles: History of a Freedom-Seeking People (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013 reprint)

• ___. The Negro on the American Frontier (North Stratford, NH: Ayer Company Publishers, 1971)​

• John W. Ravage, Black Pioneers: Images of the Black Experience on the North American Frontier (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1997)

• Herbert G. Ruffin II, "African Americans in Western Historiography Since 2000" (Montana the Magazine of Western History: Digital Edition 1:1, 2020)

• Herbert G. Ruffin II and Dwayne A. Mack (eds.), Freedom’s Racial Frontier: African Americans in the Twentieth-Century West (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2018).

• W. Sherman Savage, Blacks in the West (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976)

• Lillian Schissel, Black Frontiers: A History of African American Heroes in the Old West (New York: Aladdin, 1995)

• Frank N. Schubert, Voices of the Buffalo Soldier: Records, Reports, and Recollections of Military Life and Service in the West (Alburquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003)

• Karla Slocum, Black Towns, Black Futures (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2019)

• Quintard Taylor, “African American History in the American West,” Blackpast.Org

• ___. "From Esteban to Rodney King: Five Centuries of African American History in the West" (Montana the Magazine of Western History Volume 46, Winter 1996 Issue)

• ___. In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the West, 1528-1990. New York: W.W. Norton, 1998.

• Quintard Taylor and Shirley Ann Wilson Moore (eds.), African American Women Confront the West, 1600-2000 (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003)

• John Upton Terrell, Estevanico, the Black (Los Angeles: Westernlore Press, 1968)

• Tricia Martineau Wagner, African American Women of the Old West (Lanham, MD: TwoDot, 2007)

• Elinor Wilson, Jim Beckwourth: Black Mountain Man, War Chief of the Crows, Trader, Trapper.... (Norman: Oklahoma University Press, 1980)

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